What´s Organizational Psychology Essay - 666 Words

Organisational climate as a concept was first researched by Kurt Lewin within the Industrial and Organisational Psychology, where he argued that behaviour is a function of the person and the environment (Litwin Stringer, 1968). In the 1970s, the concept gained momentum being researched extensively focusing on organisational climate, job satisfaction and organisational structure (Guion, 1973; LaFollette Sims, 1975, Drexler, 1977). Alongside organisational climate concept development, organisational culture concept emerged from research findings that suggested that organisational culture is an inter twined approach to understand the beliefs and attitudes of individual members about their respective organisations (Brown et al: 1996).†¦show more content†¦Forehand, (1968) emphasises is placed on measurable outcomes and its impact on productivity. From the social system dimension, the effects of managers on organizational climate were observed (Butcher Houston, 1994); Organizational climate was assayed from a human resources management aspect (Ren, Huang Zheng, 2001). A significant correlation has been identified between organizational climate and employee performance (Spruill, 2008). While Zhang (2010) outline that micro and macro modes are apparent in the investigation of organisational climate. He cited the example that from the ecological dimension, organizational climate was investigated in comp anies with different levels of performance (Kangis, Gordon Williams, 2000); In recent years, more and more researchers consider that the micro mode not only measures organizational climate accurately, but also is of more practical value to the organization (Ren, Huang Zheng, 2001; Tang Chen, 2001) . Collectively, these studies outline a critical point that organisational climate can be defined differently depending on the individual perspective and orientation. However common among definitions is that organisational climate is the perceptions, feelings and attitudes that organisational members have about the fundamental elements of the organisation. Pritchard and Karasick (1973) incorporating definitions of Forehard and Gilmer (1964) provide the following definition of organisationalShow MoreRelatedIndustrial/Organizational Psychology Paper794 Words   |  4 PagesAre you fit to be an Industrial or Organizational Psychologist? Most would say yes in a heartbeat Industrial psychologists associate themselves with people in the workplace. Industrial psychology is often called personnel psychology, which is directly related to the field also known as organizational psychology. Usually industrial psychologists evaluate the differences between individual workers and also individual jobs. 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A Brief Note On Golfs Environmental Impact - 1793 Words

Under Par: Golf s Environmental Impact Owners of golf courses are currently facing challenges which threaten their very existence. Whether it is from a dwindling participation rate, water shortages, or environmental concerns due to fertilizer and pesticide runoff, courses must adapt their strategy for a new reality. It is clear from statistics that participation in golf is dwindling which will threaten the existence of golf courses. Coupled with an increased awareness of the impact on the environment, this could prove to be an insurmountable obstacle if golf courses are not quick to adapt. In states such as California and Texas, drought conditions have forced communities to look at the significant water usage of golf courses in order to reduce unnecessary consumption. Another significant cause for concern is the effect of pesticide and fertilizer runoff on the local watershed. Clearly there are very real and sometimes devastating effects when the pesticides and fertilizers used by golf courses find their way into unintend ed areas such as lakes, rivers and ponds. However, it is not all bad news for golf courses. There are positive environmental impacts such as preserving a home for birds and other animals, reducing urban sprawl, and the growth of vegetation and trees. These challenges facing golf course owners are very real, and in order to continue to attract players and avoid costly legislation, golf courses must embrace water conservation efforts, reduce their release of

I believe that same

I believe that same-sex couples should have the same rights in marriage Essay I believe that same-sex couples should have the same rights in marriage and adoption as heterosexual couples because there are no justifiable reasons why the same laws and rights should not apply equally to all couples regardless of gender. Some people argue that the idea of gay couples marrying and adopting children is wrong for a number of reasons. Firstly, many religions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including the worlds most prominent, Christianity, and the fastest growing, Islam à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" believe that homosexual acts are wrong. However, many of the rules laid down by these religions were probably designed mainly to help people to lead their lives as beneficially as possible. In both Judaism and Islam, for example, eating pork is wrong, but it has been suggested that this rule was put into place for food hygiene reasons rather than for any holy requirements. Similarly, it is likely that anti-gay laws were put into place at the time because homosexual sex did not produce children who were needed to increase the population at a time when infant mortality rates were high. Even if you believe that the sacred texts are the word of God, the vast majority of religious people no longer follow these words exactly. The same chapter of Leviticus that says Thou shalt not lie with mankind as with womankind; it is an abomination states that no man must marry the sister of a deceased wife, the idea of which was overturned by the government in the Deceased Wifes Sister Act of 1880. It also states that a person who has a blemish, a broken hand or foot or a flat nose can not come to the altar. Which, Im sure, most Christians would find ridiculous and never contemplate putting into practice. Another argument that people, including agnostics and atheists, put forward against gay marriage is the claim that it is unnatural and that gay people are choosing to act in a way that is contradictory to their natures. Clearly, this is not the case because throughout the natural world there is evidence of homosexual activity in a large number of animals other than humans including dogs, hedgehogs and dolphins. Many of these animals are living in completely natural conditions and therefore must be naturally gay. Times change. A hundred years ago, the majority of people in this country believed that inter-racial couples were unnatural and would be shocked at the idea of an inter-racial couple getting married, but now most people would be shocked at the idea of this not being allowed. A reason proposed by some people against gay couples adopting is that children would not have role models of both sexes, which are apparently needed for healthy development. One way of demolishing this argument is by looking at the evidence that around one in four children in Britain live in one-parent families and so are being raised by role models of only one sex. These children are not taken into care or having surrogate father figures forced upon them by the government, so obviously this argument for healthy development is an exaggeration. Also, if a single homosexual person can adopt a child who will then be raised by a role model of only one sex, why cant a child be raised by two homosexual parents? Another reservation many people have against gay people adopting is the worry that these children will be perceived as different and would be seriously bullied by other children. My argument against this is that if gay people were allowed to adopt and more children were raised by same-sex couples, these children would become more accepted and not considered unusual. .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a , .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a .postImageUrl , .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a , .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a:hover , .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a:visited , .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a:active { border:0!important; } .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a:active , .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua34885e4ed8bcf1f00d70ecb4e0c165a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sherlock Holmes the Best Detective Sample EssayAs recently as the 1950s, children born outside of marriage were stigmatised but now, with a much larger number of children in this situation, it is considered completely normal and there is no bullying involved. I think that these points show that the reasons put forward against gay marriage and adoption are unfounded and that there are no compelling reasons for not introducing equal laws for heterosexual and homosexual couples. Because of this, I propose that the government puts their prejudice aside and gives homosexuals the rights they deserve.

Capital Punishment The Death Penalty Argum Essay Example For Students

Capital Punishment The Death Penalty Argum Essay entative Persuasive EssaysThe Death Penalty The death penalty is a very controversial issue. Many people have different opinions about how a criminal should be disciplined. Over 80% of Americans favor the death penalty. Presently, thirty-eight states have the death penalty, but is the concept of alife for a life the best way to castigate a criminal? Of the thirteen statesthat do not have the death penalty, is crime more likely to occur there than instates that have the death penalty? (The Economist, April 1, 1995, p. 19) Havethere been criminals wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death row? Does thedeath penalty really scare criminals off and make them think twice aboutcommitting a crime? Is the death penalty fair to everyone, even the minoritiesand the poor? How does mental illness and retardation come into play? When a person is sentenced to death by lethal injection in New Jersey,the provisions of N.J.S. 2C: 11-3 say that the punishment shall be imposed bycontinuous, intravenous administration until the person is dead of a lethalquantity of an ultrashot acting barbiturate in combination with a chemicalparalytic agent in a quantity sufficient to cause death. Prior to the lethalinjection, the p erson shall be sedated by a licensed physician, registered nurse,or other qualified personnel, by either oral tablet or capsule or anintramuscular injection of a narcotic or barbiturate such as morphine, cocaine,or demerol. In the provisions of the N.J.S. 2C: 49-3, it says that theCommissioner of the Department of Corrections determines the substances andprocedure to be used in execution. The Commissioner shall also designatepersons who are qualified to administer injections and who are familiar withmedical procedures, other than licensed physicians. Also, persons conductingthe execution must be unknown to the person being executed. Under the N.J.S. 2C: 49-7, only certain people are allowed to be present at the execution. Theyinclude: the Commissioner, execution technicians, two licensed physicians, sixadult citizens, no more than two clergymen not related to the person, tworepresentatives from major news wire services, two television representatives,two newspaper representatives, and two radio representatives. No one relatedeither by blood or by marriage to the person being executed or to the victim ispermitted to be present during the execution. (New Jersey Statutes Annotated:Title 2C Code of Criminal Justice: 2C: 37 to 2C: End) There are two very important Supreme Court cases dealing with capitalpunishment. In 1972, in the case of Furman vs. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruledthat under then existing laws, the imposition and carrying out of the deathpenaltyconstitutes cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighthand Fourteenth Amendments. Four years later, in the case of Gregg vs. Georgia,the Supreme Court shifted in t he opposite direction, and ruled that thepunishment of death does not invariably violate the Constitution. The Courtruled that these new statutes contained objective standards to guide,regularize, and make rationally reviewable the process of imposing the sentenceof death. (Bedau, Hugo Adam, American Civil Liberties Union, prodigy) There are many different reasons, pro and con, for the death penalty. The following are the most frequently cited arguments for the death penalty. Some believe that those who kill deserve to die. When someone takes anotherpersons life, they forfeit or sacrifice their own right to live. Murder is oneof the worst crimes a person can commit and it deserves the worst penalty. Thedeath penalty is the greatest deterrent to murder. If people know that theywill be punished by death, they will be less likely to commit crimes and kill. Racism In The Past And Racism Today EssayThe Supreme Courts rulings on the matter rest on the notion that, as apunishment, death is different. It cannot be infringed arbitrarily, it must beimposed consistently. (The Economist, 1995, p. 19-20) Have criminals been wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death row?The answer is yes. Astonishingly enough, a recent report revealed that between1900-1985, 350 people have been wrongfully convicted of capital offenses. Inthe last two decades, forty-eight wrongfully convicted people have been releasedfrom death row because of innocence. Unfortunately, twenty-three of the threehundred and fifty people wrongfully convicted, were already executed before theevidence came about. Justice Thurgood Marshall, a long time opponent of thedeath penalty feared that if an individual is imprisoned for an offense he didnot commit, the error can to some extent be rectified, but if he is executed,the wrong that has been done can never be corrected. (Jet, March 13, 1995, p. 12-15) William Hance, a former marine, was sentenced to death for the murder oftwo prostitutes and awaiting the chair of death. The day before, the Georgiaboard of pardons and paroles rejected Hances appeal for clemency. The day ofthe execution both the state and federal court refused to halt the execution. Then the Supreme Court denied Hances appeal. The legal skirmishing had gainedhim ninety extra minutes of life. This execution was different though. One ofthe twelve jurors to sentence Hance to death swore that she never agreed to thesupposedly unanimous vote. Gayle Daniels, the only black juror, swore on anaffidavit the she did not vote for the execution because she did not believeHance knew what he was doing at the time of his crimes. There was alsoshocking evidence that race prejudice played a central role in the jurysdeliberations. Finally, Hance may have been mentally retarded. The prosecutorwho helped investigate the first murder case, Douglas Pullen, argued that atthe very least, this man has a borderline I.Q. That is not retarded. ButHances trial in a military court for the second murder ended in the reversal ofa life sentenced after jurors determined that he lacked the capacity forpremeditation. (Smolowe, Jill, Time, April 11, 1994, p. 61) Fortunately, not all cases end unhap pily. In several cases the accusedwere found innocent just in time. Andrew Golden was very lucky. His case wasreversed twenty-six months after he was put on death row. He was sentenced todeath for the possible murder of his wife, Ardelle. She drowned in a lake.